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标题: 国外汽车及电动汽车电子产品电磁兼容标准比较研究 [打印本页]

作者: 桃花岛主    时间: 2011-3-29 22:18
标题: 国外汽车及电动汽车电子产品电磁兼容标准比较研究
随着汽车日益电子化以及混和动力及纯电动汽车的出现,车辆电子的电磁兼容问题日益突出,国外汽车及电动汽车电子产品电磁兼容标准出现更新换版,并出现了一些零部件的专用EMC标准,呈现出一些新的趋势和动态。本文着重比较国外汽车与电动汽车车载电子产品电磁兼容标准的差异和未来的一些发展趋势。

一、汽车、电动汽车电磁兼容国际法规与标准一览


1.
法规概况

发布机构

法规标准应用

标准

机构

车辆整车

车载电子零部件

发布年限

95/54/EC

欧盟委员会EC

适用

适用

1995

95/56/EC

不适用

适用

1995

97/24/EC

适用

适用

1997

2000/2/EC

适用

适用

2000

2002/24/EC

适用

适用

2002

2003/77/EC

适用

适用

2003

2004/104/EC

适用

适用

2004

ISO 7637

国际标准化组织ISO

不适用

适用

1995-2004

ISO 10605

适用

适用

2008

ISO 11451

适用

不适用

2005-2007

ISO 11452

不适用

适用

1997-2007

CISPR-12

国际电工委员会I EC

适用

适用

2007

CISPR-25

适用

适用

2008

SAE J551

美国机动工程师协会SAE

适用

不适用

1995-2003

SAE J1113

不适用

适用

1995-2002

2.国际标准概况

标准

标准名

标准部分

发布年限

整车

零部件

ISO 11451

Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy

ALL

-

适用

不适用

Part 1: General and definitions (amendment 1:2008)

1

2005

Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation sources

2

2005

Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation

3

2007

Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)

4

2006

ISO 11452

Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy

ALL

-

不适用

适用

Part 1: General and definitions (amendment 1:2008)

1

2005

Part 2: Absorber-lined chamber (1995)

2

2004

Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell

3

2001

Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)

4

2005

Part 5: Stripline

5

2002

Part 6: Parallel plate antenna

6

1997

Part 7: Direct radio frequency (RF) power injection

7

2003

Part 7: Immunity to magnetic fields

8

2007


3.欧洲标准概况

标准

标准名

标准部分

发布年限

整车

零部件

95/54/EC

EMC & Compliance Journal

Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (The old Automotive EMC Directive)

1

1995

适用

适用

2004/104/EC

Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers
(The Automotive EMC Directive)

1

2004

适用

适用

2004/104/EC Corrigenda

Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. (13th November 2005)

1

2004

适用

适用

2005/83/EC

Commission Directive 2005/83/EC of 23 November 2005 amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Annexes I, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X to Council Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles (Updated references for 2004/104/EC)

1

2005

适用

适用

2006/28/EC

Commission Directive 2006/28/EC of 6 March 2006 amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Council Directive 72/245/EEC of 20 June 1972 relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of  vehicles and Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (Further updates to 2004/104/EC)

1

2006

适用

适用

4.美国标准概况

标准标准名标准部分发布年限整车零部件
SAE J551Performance levels and methods of measurement of electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles, boats (up to 15m) and machines (50Hz to 18GHz)1Apr 02Y
适用
不适用
Test limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles, motorboats and spark-ignited engine-driven devices2Mar 94
Test limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles and devices, broadband and narrowband, 150kHz to 1000MHz4May 00
Performance levels and methods of measurement of magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles, broadband, 9kHz to 30MHz5Dec 97
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- off-vehicle source11Sep 00
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- on-board transmitter simulation12Sep 96
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- bulk current injection13Jun 03
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- electrostatic discharge(ESD)15Jul 02
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- power line magnetic fields17May 03
SAE J1113Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components (except aircraft) (50Hz to 18GHz)1Apr 02不适用适用
Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components (except aircraft) – conducted immunity, 30Hz to 250kHz- all leads2Sep 96
Conducted immunity, 250kHz to 500MHz, direct injection of radio frequency (RF) power3Nov 95
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - bulk current injection (BCI) method4Feb 98
Immunity to conducted transients on power leads11Mar 00
Electrical interference by conduction and coupling - coupling clamp12Oct 00
Immunity to electrostatic discharge13Aug 02
Immunity to electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 18GHz, absorber-lined chamber21Jan 98
Immunity to radiated magnetic fields22Nov 03
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 200MHz Crawford TEM cell and 10kHz to 5GHZ wideband TEM cell24May 00
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 500MHz - tri-plate line method25Feb 99
Immunity to AC power line electric fields26Jul 01
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - reverberation method27Feb 95
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of components and modules for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles41May 00
Conducted transient emissions42Sep 00

从上述汽车、电动汽车整车与零部件电磁兼容法规与标准的比较而言,标准的测试方法与要求逐渐在向国际标准趋同;综合起来考虑,汽车电子及电动汽车的标准主要有以下测试内容:

一、汽车、电动汽车整车与零部件电磁兼容测试的基本内容:

测试类型测试方法
辐射发射RE (Radiated Emission)暗室法(Anechoic Chamber)CISPR 12
30M-1GHz@3m,10m
CISPR 25
150k-2.5GHz@1m
传导发射CE (Conducted Emission)CISPR 25
150k-108MHz
传导瞬变发射CTE (Conducted Transient Emission)ISO 7637-2 幅度要求(Amplitude Limit)
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)TEM 小室法(TEM Cell)ISO 11452-3
1-400MHz
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)暗室法(Anechoic Chamber)ISO 11452-2 80MHz-18GHz@1m 25V/m
传导抗扰度CI (Conducted Emission)BCI(Bulk Current Injection)ISO 11452-4
0.1-1000MHz@150mA
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)带状线法(Strip Line)ISO 11452-5 1-400MHz@200V/mA
静电放电ESD( Electrostatic Discharge)ISO 10605
±8kV/ ±25kV
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI (Conducted Transient Immunity)ISO7637-2/-3 1/2a/2b/3a/3b/4/5a/5b-112/150V

为针对更实际的车厂电磁兼容测试内容, 我们进一步比较有代表的美系、德系、日系车厂的主要测试内容如下:

三、主流车厂电磁兼容测试内容比较

测试项目国际标准美系(福特)德系(大众)日系(日产)
辐射抗扰度RI带状线法ISO 11452-5----------TL 82166---------
传导抗扰度CI BCIISO 11452-4ES-XW7T-1A278-AC TL 8216628401NDS02
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI电源线ISO7637-21/2a/2b/3a/3b/4/5a/5bES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 820664/4b/3a/3b/6/2/1/5b28401NDS02
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI信号线ISO7637-33a/3bES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 823663a/3b/1/228401NDS02
静电放电ESD ISO 10605ES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 8246628401NDS02

测试项目/标准美系(福特)德系(大众)日系(日产)
辐射发射RE150k-2.5GHz@1mRE 310150K-2GHz@1mCISPR25CISPR25等级较高
传导发射CE150k-108MHzCE 420CISPR25100 kHz108 MHz
传导瞬变发射CTE+100/-150vCE410 1/2/3a/3b/4 比照+/- 200 V/μs+/- 30 A/μs
辐射抗扰度RIALSE 25-100v/mRI114400-2000MHz100-70v/m80M-3GHz100v/m200MHz-2GHz60V/m-200V/m
辐射抗扰度RITEM--------1-400MHz200v/m------------
辐射抗扰度RI带状线法----------1-400MHz@200V/m-----------
传导抗扰度CI BCI0.1-1000MHz@150mA
RI 1121-400MHz@100mA ISO11452-4400-3000MHz@150mA,100mA60mA-200 mA
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI电源线CI 2207637-2 波形有改变方向7637-2波形,幅度有改变7637-2波形,幅度有改变,特殊波形增加
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI信号线CI 2207637-3波形7637-3波形+变种
静电放电ESD ±8kV/ ±25kVCI 280同ISO10605同ISO10605±4kV / ±15kV

     我们从上述车厂内容比较,可日看出:无论对于汽车、混合动力、纯电动汽车,汽车电子EMC标准的适用一越来越趋同,少部分车厂延续了过去独有的做法(日系、美系中一部分),但未来会逐渐一致······


作者: dyong21    时间: 2011-3-30 23:03

好帖
作者: dyong21    时间: 2011-3-30 23:04

岛主能把这个文档传我吗?
[email]dengyong5202000@yahoo.com.cn
作者: 桃花岛主    时间: 2011-3-31 22:49
http://www.bokee.net/company/weblog_viewEntry/4387610.html
作者: dyong21    时间: 2011-11-7 16:18

回复 4# 桃花岛主


    岛主,这个地址找不到啊
作者: 桃花岛主    时间: 2011-11-7 22:36
,我试了下真没了。。。
作者: emclover    时间: 2015-12-22 23:20
4年前岛主就总结的这么到位了, 非常感谢。




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