EN 55014-1 标准解读2

3.9 toy
product designed for, or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years old.
Toys may incorporate motors, heating elements, electronic circuits and their combination.
The supply voltage of a toy shall not exceed 24 V a.c. (r.m.s) or ripple-free d.c. and may be
provided by a battery or by means of an adapter or a safety transformer connected to the
mains supply
NOTE Transformers, converters and chargers for toys are considered not to be part of the toy (see IEC 61558-2-7).

该条款是玩具的定义，主要是从电压方面来划分的，也是划分某类产品能不能归为玩具的依据，因此，对这个定义一定要弄明白限制条件。

据说欧美对玩具的要求挺严格的，由于没有接触玩具其他方面的认证，所以不是很懂，如果有朋友做的是相关的工作，希望能够出来给我扫扫盲，在此先谢过了。

3.10
battery
3.10
battery toy：电池类玩具
toy which contains or uses one or more batteries as the only source of electrical energy
3.11
transformer toy：变压器类玩具
toy which is connected to the supply mains through a transformer for toys and using the
supply mains as the only source of electrical energy
3.12
dual supply toy：双电源玩具
toy which can be operated simultaneously or alternatively as a battery toy and a transformer toy

这几个定义是根据玩具的供电方式来划分类别的，其实标准中的分类有很重要的意义，一般在测试条款中，会详细说明某种产品要测试那些项目，因此对标准的产品分类一定要有准确的认识。

3.13 battery box：电池盒
compartment which is separate from the toy or appliance and in which the batteries are
placed。

电池盒的定义是指那些和玩具用导线连接的，外置的供电装置。在这里内置的电池盒不在该定义里面。

3.14 safety isolating transformer：安全隔离变压器
transformer, the input winding of which is electrically separated from the output winding by an
insulation at least equivalent to double insulation or reinforced insulation, and which is
designed to supply an appliance or circuit at safety extra-low voltage。
安全隔离变压器的主要特点是输入绕组和输出绕组之间的绝缘等级相当于双重绝缘或者是加强绝缘，并且强调是给器具供电或者是给工作在安全特低电压下的电路供电的。
这里面有三个定义：双重绝缘、加强绝缘和安全特地电压。这几个定义安规工程师很熟悉的，在IEC 60335-1或者是GB4706.1中有详细的解释。有兴趣的朋友可以查阅下相关标准。

3.15 safety transformer for toys：玩具用安全变压器
safety isolating transformer specially designed to supply toys operating at safety extra-low
voltage not exceeding 24 V
NOTE Either a.c. or d.c. or both may be delivered from the transformer unit.
该条款比较简单，就是说出了对玩具用的变压器的要求，不多做解释。

3.16 constructional kit：装配用配套元件
collection of electric, electronic or mechanical parts intended to be assembled as various toys
3.17 experimental kit：试验用配套元件
collection of electric or electronic components intended to be assembled in various
combinations
NOTE The main aim of an experimental set is to facilitate the acquiring of knowledge by experiment and research.
It is not intended to create a toy or equipment for practical use.
3.18 functional toy：功能性玩具
toy with a rated voltage not exceeding 24 V and which is a model of an appliance or
installation used by adults
NOTE A product with a rated voltage exceeding 24 V, intended to be used by children under the direct supervision of an adult and which is a model of an appliance or installation and used in the same way, is known as a functional product.

其实，这几个定义，在整个标准中，出了在这里出现，其他地方没有清晰的出现。不知道解释这几个词组有什么意义。

标准有时候感觉很奇怪，出现一些根本用不到的定义，不知道意义何在。

3.19 portable luminaire for children
luminaire that in normal use can be moved from one place to another while connected to the
supply and which is designed to provide a level of safety in excess of that provided by a
portable general purpose luminaire conforming with IEC 60598-2-4
NOTE A portable luminaire for children is intended for use by children who may not be under the supervision of more competent persons at the time of use.[IEC 60598-2-10: 10.3.1]
3.20 video toy
toy consisting of a screen and activating means by which the child can play and interact with
the picture shown on the screen
NOTE All parts necessary for the operation of the video toy, such as control box, joy stick, keyboard, monitor and connections, are considered to be part of the toy.

上面的两个定义大家了解即可，见到真实的产品的时候，也是很好区分的。

3.21 electronic circuit：
circuit incorporating at least one electronic component.

电子线路：至少包含一个电子元件的电路。定义非常简单，不多做解释。

3.22 electronic component
part in which conduction is achieved principally by electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or
semiconductor
NOTE Electronic components do not include resistors, capacitors and inductors.
电子元件：主要通过电子在真空、导体或者半导体中的运动，实现传导的部件。
注：电子元件不包括电阻、电容和电感。
应用的角度来说，我们只要把电阻、电容和电感划分出去，其他的都可以归为电子元件。
至于从微观的角度该怎么理解，我现在也没有参悟透，请高手出来指点指点吧。